The Development of an Enhanced Obstacle Detection System with Alarm Based on the Internet-of-Things
Keywords:
Arduino Mega2560, audio power amplifier, electronic alarm system, embedded system, enhanced obstacle detection (EOD), Internet-of-Things (IoT).Abstract
An enhanced obstacle detection system with a intelligent YJD1602A liquid crystal display (LCD) based on the Internet-of-Things (IoT) with electronic alarm system which incorporated a 25-Watt audio amplifier have been proposed development, constructed and tested as detailed in this paper. The obstacle detection is accomplished using HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor while the IoT technologies are achieved through an Arduino Mega 2560 development platform. The performance of the proposed enhanced obstacle detection system have been verified as it has been able to measure and display the distances of objects (obstacles) with range from 0 to 4 meters with simultaneous triggering of the electronic alarm system when an object is detected while the alarm is off when no object is detected. The proposed EOD system can be adapted and deployed for obstacle detection and avoidance system design for robotics and mechatronics applications.
References
Mapping by Semantic Bundle Adjustment”, [Online] Available: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.667.8755&rep=rep1&type=pdf, pp. 1 – 5, 2013.
[2] C. C. Chang, C. Y. Chang and Y. T. Cheng, “Distance Measurement Technology Development at Remotely Teleoperated Robotic Manipulator System for Underwater Constructions”,IEEE International Symposium on Underwater Technology, pp. 333 – 338, 2004.
[3] L. D. Spedicato, N. I. Giannoccaro, G. Reina1 and M. Bellone1, “Clustering and PCA for Reconstructing Two Perpendicular Planes Using Ultrasonic Sensors”, International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, vol. 10, 210:213, pp. 1 – 10, 2013.
[4] A. Nawer, F. Hassain, F. and G. M. Anwar, “Ultrasonic Navigation System for the Visually Impaired and Blind Pedestrian”,American Journal of Engineering Research. vol. 4, pp.13 – 18, 2015.
[5] M. Brudka and A. Pacut, “Intelligent Robot Control Using Ultrasonic Measurements”,IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 454 – 459, 2002.
[6] A. Saraswathi, A. A. Abass, S. I. Mathi and A. Eswaran, “Obstacle detecting robot using arduino and sensor”,International Journal of soft Computing and Artificial Intelligence,vol. 3, 2015.
[7] D. Kane, W. Grassi, R. Sturrock and P. V. A. Balint, “Brief history of musculoskeletal ultrasound: ‘From bats and ships to babies and hips”,Rheumatology (Oxford), vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 931–933, 2004.
[8] A. Manbachi andR. S. Cobbold, “Development and application of piezoelectric materials for ultrasound generation and detection”,Ultrasound,vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 187–196, 2011.
[9] R. Kuc and M. W. Siegel, “Physically based simulation model for acoustic sensor robot navigation”,IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 766 – 778, 1987.
[10] K. A. Kaproth-Joslin, R. Nicola and V. S. Dogra, “The History of US: From Bats and Boats to the Bedside and Beyond”,Radio Graphics, vol.35, no. 3, 2015.
[11] O. Bozma and R. Kuc, “Building a sonar map in a specular environment using a single mobile sensor”,IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1260-1269, 1991.
[12] F. Schneider, H. Wolf and K. Holzhausen,“Acquisition and display of a world model using an autonomous mobile robot”, In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conferences on Intelligent Robots and Systems. vol.2, pp. 769 – 775, 1994.
[13] A. Ohya, Y. Nagashima and S. Yuta, “Exploring Unknown Environment and Map Construction Using Ultrasonic Sensing of Normal Direction of Walls”,In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, vol.1, pp. 485 – 492, 1994.
[14] G. Dudek, P. Freedman and I. M. Rekleitis, “Just-in-time sensing: efficiently combining sonar and laser range data for exploring unknown world”,IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Minneapolis, pp. 667 – 672, 1996.
[15] A. K. Shrivastava, A. Verma and S. P. Singh, “Distance measurement of an object or obstacle by ultrasound sensors using P89C51RD2”,International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, vol. 2, no.1, 2010.
[16] D. Breed, V. Castelli, W. Johnson, W. DuVall and R. M. Patel, “Vehicle Occupant Position and Velocity Sensor”, US Patent No. 5,653,462, 1997.
[17] J. U. Quistgaard, “Signal Acquisition and Processing in Medical Diagnostic ultrasound”,IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.vol.14, pp. 67 – 74, 1997.
[18] V. Murino and A. Trucco, “Three-Dimensional Image Generation and Processing in Measurements”,IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,vol. 51, no. 3, 2000.
[19] D. Bank, “A novel ultrasonic sensing system for autonomous Mobile systems”,IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 597 – 606, 2002.
[20] K. Lee, N. L. Doh and W. K. Chung,“An explorationstrategy using sonar sensors in corridorenvironments”,Intelligent Service Robotics, vol. 3: pp. 89 – 98, 2010 .
[21] K. Jeongdae and D. Yontage, “Moving obstacle avoidance of a robot using a single camera”,International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Sensors,vol.41, pp. 911 – 916, 2012.
[22] S. Monisha, R. Ratan and S. K. Luthra, “Design and Development of Smart Ultrasonic Distance Measuring Device”,International journal of innovation Research in Electronics and Communication,vol.2, pp. 19 – 23, 2015.
[23] S. Viswanath, M. Belcastro, J. Barton, B. Oflynn, H. Holmes and P. Dixon, “Lower-power wireless liquid monitoring system using ultrasonic sensors”,International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent System,vol. 8, no. 1, 2015.
[24] S. Vivekanadan, G. Santhosh, S. J. kumar, S. S. Shankar and S. V. Kumar, S.V. (2016). “A novel camera based mobile robot with obstacle avoidance and fire extinguish control”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, vol. 6, no 4, pp.5 – 7, 2016.
[25] Elec Freaks, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor User Guide, [Online] Available: www.elecfreaks.com.
[26] ArduinoMega(2017,September17). [Online] Available: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoboardmega.
[27] D.V. Hall,Digital Circuits and Systems, Singapore: McGraw–Hill,1989.
[28] V. A. Akpan and M. T. Babalola, “The development of a Model automatic electromechanical vending machine”,Journal of Science & Technology Research, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 121 – 131, 2009.
[29] V. A. Akpan, R. A. O. Osakwe and S. A. Ekong,“The design and development of an automatic hardware-oriented hot-coffee dispensing machine”,Journal of Engineering Science & Technology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 5 – 15, 2009.
[30] Maplin Professional System, “A Product Handbook (Project and Modules)”, Rayleigh, Essex, UK: Maplin Components, 2003.
[31] Piezoelectricity. (2017, September 18).Retrieved From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricity
[2] C. C. Chang, C. Y. Chang and Y. T. Cheng, “Distance Measurement Technology Development at Remotely Teleoperated Robotic Manipulator System for Underwater Constructions”,IEEE International Symposium on Underwater Technology, pp. 333 – 338, 2004.
[3] L. D. Spedicato, N. I. Giannoccaro, G. Reina1 and M. Bellone1, “Clustering and PCA for Reconstructing Two Perpendicular Planes Using Ultrasonic Sensors”, International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, vol. 10, 210:213, pp. 1 – 10, 2013.
[4] A. Nawer, F. Hassain, F. and G. M. Anwar, “Ultrasonic Navigation System for the Visually Impaired and Blind Pedestrian”,American Journal of Engineering Research. vol. 4, pp.13 – 18, 2015.
[5] M. Brudka and A. Pacut, “Intelligent Robot Control Using Ultrasonic Measurements”,IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 454 – 459, 2002.
[6] A. Saraswathi, A. A. Abass, S. I. Mathi and A. Eswaran, “Obstacle detecting robot using arduino and sensor”,International Journal of soft Computing and Artificial Intelligence,vol. 3, 2015.
[7] D. Kane, W. Grassi, R. Sturrock and P. V. A. Balint, “Brief history of musculoskeletal ultrasound: ‘From bats and ships to babies and hips”,Rheumatology (Oxford), vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 931–933, 2004.
[8] A. Manbachi andR. S. Cobbold, “Development and application of piezoelectric materials for ultrasound generation and detection”,Ultrasound,vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 187–196, 2011.
[9] R. Kuc and M. W. Siegel, “Physically based simulation model for acoustic sensor robot navigation”,IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 766 – 778, 1987.
[10] K. A. Kaproth-Joslin, R. Nicola and V. S. Dogra, “The History of US: From Bats and Boats to the Bedside and Beyond”,Radio Graphics, vol.35, no. 3, 2015.
[11] O. Bozma and R. Kuc, “Building a sonar map in a specular environment using a single mobile sensor”,IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1260-1269, 1991.
[12] F. Schneider, H. Wolf and K. Holzhausen,“Acquisition and display of a world model using an autonomous mobile robot”, In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conferences on Intelligent Robots and Systems. vol.2, pp. 769 – 775, 1994.
[13] A. Ohya, Y. Nagashima and S. Yuta, “Exploring Unknown Environment and Map Construction Using Ultrasonic Sensing of Normal Direction of Walls”,In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, vol.1, pp. 485 – 492, 1994.
[14] G. Dudek, P. Freedman and I. M. Rekleitis, “Just-in-time sensing: efficiently combining sonar and laser range data for exploring unknown world”,IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Minneapolis, pp. 667 – 672, 1996.
[15] A. K. Shrivastava, A. Verma and S. P. Singh, “Distance measurement of an object or obstacle by ultrasound sensors using P89C51RD2”,International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, vol. 2, no.1, 2010.
[16] D. Breed, V. Castelli, W. Johnson, W. DuVall and R. M. Patel, “Vehicle Occupant Position and Velocity Sensor”, US Patent No. 5,653,462, 1997.
[17] J. U. Quistgaard, “Signal Acquisition and Processing in Medical Diagnostic ultrasound”,IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.vol.14, pp. 67 – 74, 1997.
[18] V. Murino and A. Trucco, “Three-Dimensional Image Generation and Processing in Measurements”,IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,vol. 51, no. 3, 2000.
[19] D. Bank, “A novel ultrasonic sensing system for autonomous Mobile systems”,IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 597 – 606, 2002.
[20] K. Lee, N. L. Doh and W. K. Chung,“An explorationstrategy using sonar sensors in corridorenvironments”,Intelligent Service Robotics, vol. 3: pp. 89 – 98, 2010 .
[21] K. Jeongdae and D. Yontage, “Moving obstacle avoidance of a robot using a single camera”,International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Sensors,vol.41, pp. 911 – 916, 2012.
[22] S. Monisha, R. Ratan and S. K. Luthra, “Design and Development of Smart Ultrasonic Distance Measuring Device”,International journal of innovation Research in Electronics and Communication,vol.2, pp. 19 – 23, 2015.
[23] S. Viswanath, M. Belcastro, J. Barton, B. Oflynn, H. Holmes and P. Dixon, “Lower-power wireless liquid monitoring system using ultrasonic sensors”,International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent System,vol. 8, no. 1, 2015.
[24] S. Vivekanadan, G. Santhosh, S. J. kumar, S. S. Shankar and S. V. Kumar, S.V. (2016). “A novel camera based mobile robot with obstacle avoidance and fire extinguish control”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, vol. 6, no 4, pp.5 – 7, 2016.
[25] Elec Freaks, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor User Guide, [Online] Available: www.elecfreaks.com.
[26] ArduinoMega(2017,September17). [Online] Available: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoboardmega.
[27] D.V. Hall,Digital Circuits and Systems, Singapore: McGraw–Hill,1989.
[28] V. A. Akpan and M. T. Babalola, “The development of a Model automatic electromechanical vending machine”,Journal of Science & Technology Research, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 121 – 131, 2009.
[29] V. A. Akpan, R. A. O. Osakwe and S. A. Ekong,“The design and development of an automatic hardware-oriented hot-coffee dispensing machine”,Journal of Engineering Science & Technology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 5 – 15, 2009.
[30] Maplin Professional System, “A Product Handbook (Project and Modules)”, Rayleigh, Essex, UK: Maplin Components, 2003.
[31] Piezoelectricity. (2017, September 18).Retrieved From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricity
Published
2019-08-11
Issue
Section
Articles
