Nano-Engineered Materials and Devices in Aerospace Engineering: Advances from Protective Coatings to Smart Sensing Systems

Abstract

Nanotechnology has become a transformative driver in modern aerospace engineering, enabling the development of lightweight, multifunctional, and highly durable materials and devices. Nano-engineered coatings improve thermal stability and erosion resistance, while nanocomposites offer exceptional mechanical performance at reduced mass. Advances in nanoscale electronics, sensors, and structural health monitoring systems further enhance aircraft and spacecraft safety and efficiency. This review highlights the latest progress in nano-applications across aerospace materials, coatings, propulsion, sensing, and system integration, focusing on performance benefits, implementation challenges, and future prospects.