Advanced Aerodynamic Design for Hypersonic Vehicles and Re-Entry Systems

Abstract

Hypersonic vehicles and atmospheric re-entry systems represent one of the most challenging domains in aerospace engineering due to extreme aerodynamic heating, shock interactions, and material constraints. This article reviews advanced aerodynamic design methodologies applied to hypersonic flight regimes, focusing on fluid-structure interactions, thermal protection systems, and computational modeling techniques. The study explores key developments in aerodynamics, high-temperature materials, and flight dynamics essential for stable and efficient hypersonic travel. Additionally, the paper highlights ground and flight testing strategies, simulation frameworks, and regulatory considerations for safe deployment. The integration of multidisciplinary approaches is critical for achieving performance optimization and mission reliability in hypersonic and re-entry applications.