Sustainable and Smart Systems with IoT An Integrated Approach

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is game-changing in the design of sustainable and intelligent systems, which are sustainable and innovative. This paper will discuss the transformative power of IoT in the four most crucial areas: smart cities, waste management, energy efficiency and smart farming, disclosing its ability to optimise with minimised ecological footprints. As an example, smart grids enabled by IoT reduce energy consumption by 15-25%, whereas sensor-enabled waste systems optimise their collection routes and reduce pollution. Real-time ground insight increases agricultural production and improves the utilisation of water, but other issues such as rural connection and affordability still exist. In addition to the innovations, the work reveals the scalability, security, and inclusive design limitations when they are compared to current applications, and it encourages the transition to the hybrid approach. The next step is IoT with artificial intelligence to do predictive analytics, blockchain to collect and exchange data securely, and low-cost connectivity to overcome urban-rural gaps. IoT has more to do with breaking down cost obstacles and focusing on citizen-based models and will go deeper beyond the realm of technical innovativeness and become the cornerstone of global sustainability.