Journal of Advanced Research in Cloud Computing, Virtualization and Web Applications

Transforming Manufacturing through IoT Architecture: A Literature Review and Strategic Roadmap

Nital P. Nirmal — 2025-10-11

The emergence of Industry 4.0 has revolutionized the global manufacturing landscape by integrating advanced digital technologies into traditional production environments. Central to this transformation is the Internet of Things (IoT), which enables real-time connectivity, automation, and data-driven decision-making through a network of intelligent, interconnected devices. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on the role of IoT architecture in smart manufacturing systems, emphasizing its five-layered structure—perception, network, middleware, application, and business layers. The review identifies key functions, architectural models such as RAMI 4.0 and IIRA, and recent technological advancements including edge computing, AI integration, and blockchain applications.

Despite rapid progress, the study reveals critical research gaps in interoperability, cross-layer security, large-scale implementation, and sustainability. It highlights the need for standardized, scalable, and intelligent frameworks capable of addressing diverse industrial requirements. Furthermore, the paper outlines future research directions, including the development of modular architectures, AI-enhanced decision layers, energy-efficient design, and robust performance evaluation metrics. This work contributes a foundational understanding of IoT architecture in smart manufacturing and proposes strategic insights for advancing industrial innovation through interdisciplinary collaboration and real-world industrial validation.

IoT Integration with AI and Cloud Technologies Enabling Intelligent and Scalable Systems

Madhav Patoliya — 2025-10-11

As a result, in order to produce smart, scaled and efficient systems, this paper reads through the incorporation of cloud-based technologies with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT). With the help of a vital literature review mechanism, the study observes the contours that can make the most out of the IoT applications by integrating cloud services, edge computing and artificial intelligence. The results have had positive impacts in healthcare, smart cities and industrial automation, including low delay, scalability in processing, enhanced decision-making and real-time analytics. Nevertheless, it lacks standardised hybrid framework, security risk and lack of a high calculation requirement. The paper proposes to turn off these periods and embark on the IoT-powered smart system with a low-power artificial intelligence model, privacy-protection procedures, and future guidelines revolving around the adaptive orchestration framework.

Smart E-Waste Classification Kiosk: Edge Computing Solution for Sustainable Electronics Management

Lohar Mayank — 2025-10-11

Electronic waste management presents one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our digital era, with India generating an alarming 1.7 million tonnes of e-waste annually while lacking efficient source segregation mechanisms. Traditional waste management approaches fail to address the complexity and rapid growth of electronic components, creating significant environmental and economic losses. This research introduces an innovative Smart Kiosk solution powered by ESP32S3 microcontrollers, designed to revolutionize e-waste classification through intelligent edge computing. Our comprehensive system integrates advanced computer vision algorithms with real-time IoT connectivity, enabling autonomous identification and categorization of electronic components directly at waste generation points. The architecture leverages optimized deep learning models specifically tailored for resource-constrained embedded environments, ensuring robust performance without compromising processing efficiency. The system addresses regulatory compliance with India’s E-Waste Management Rules 2022, covering 106 electronic equipment categories through intelligent classification algorithms.Extensive real-world testing shows strong performance, achieving 94.2 percentage classification accuracy across eight e-waste categories, with an average latency of 7 ms per item and optimized power consumption.The Smart Kiosk can be further enhanced with blockchain traceability, automated inventory tracking, and real-time analytics to support responsible recycling and compliance. This cost-effective, scalable solution bridges critical gaps in existing waste management infrastructure while supporting India’s ambitious circular economy transition through democratized access to intelligent e-waste segregation technology.

NourishNet – A IoT based Networked Fridge

Devalba Jadeja — 2025-10-11

Food spoilage is a significant contributor to waste, but the use of smart refrigerators powered by IoT can help reduce this problem. Incorporating IoT technology into refrigeration systems enhances the efficiency of food storage and management. These systems come with a variety of features, including dedicated applications that send alerts and updates to users. Smart refrigerators are designed to be intuitive, budget-friendly, and accessible remotely via smartphones or laptops. They allow users to monitor conditions such as temperature and humidity in real time. Additionally, they help maintain food freshness and provide instant alerts when any issues arise. This system is typically divided into three main modules: sensing, control, and transmission. The sensing module includes components like load cells and odour sensors. The control module features an Arduino UNO and a power supply, while the transmission module comprises an LCD screen and a Wi-Fi unit. These components work in coordination, continuously checking the refrigerator's status and providing regular updates to the user. Although this system collects a vast amount of data from sensors through constant monitoring, it also presents challenges in terms of data storage and analysis. This review paper examines how smart refrigerators function, the challenges they encounter, and the solutions proposed in recent research.

AgriSetu: Using AI, IoT, and Environmental Intelligence to Promote Sustainable Agriculture

Anamika Singh — 2025-10-11

Plant diseases, wasteful resource use, and erratic weather patterns are some of the major issues facing agriculture today, all of which reduce output. In order to maximise plant development and reduce illness, this study presents AgriSetu, an intelligent agricultural framework that combines artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and environmental monitoring. AgriSetu makes it possible to implement quick and accurate interventions for increased crop health and yield by utilising AI-driven predictive analytics and real-time environmental data obtained through the Internet of Things.

Applications like precision farming, adaptive irrigation, and early disease detection are supported by the framework, which helps create a more robust and effective agricultural system. Beyond helping farmers with their immediate problems, AgriSetu supports ecological balance and prudent resource management, which is in line with global sustainability goals. An important step toward the future of sustainable agriculture is this integration of cutting-edge technologies.

Sustainable and Smart Systems with IoT An Integrated Approach

Zinal Joshi — 2025-10-11

The Internet of Things (IoT) is game-changing in the design of sustainable and intelligent systems, which are sustainable and innovative. This paper will discuss the transformative power of IoT in the four most crucial areas: smart cities, waste management, energy efficiency and smart farming, disclosing its ability to optimise with minimised ecological footprints. As an example, smart grids enabled by IoT reduce energy consumption by 15-25%, whereas sensor-enabled waste systems optimise their collection routes and reduce pollution. Real-time ground insight increases agricultural production and improves the utilisation of water, but other issues such as rural connection and affordability still exist. In addition to the innovations, the work reveals the scalability, security, and inclusive design limitations when they are compared to current applications, and it encourages the transition to the hybrid approach. The next step is IoT with artificial intelligence to do predictive analytics, blockchain to collect and exchange data securely, and low-cost connectivity to overcome urban-rural gaps. IoT has more to do with breaking down cost obstacles and focusing on citizen-based models and will go deeper beyond the realm of technical innovativeness and become the cornerstone of global sustainability.