Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics & Computational Fluid Dynamics

Automatic Touchless Handwash System with Water Mist for Water Conservation

Bhavesh Patil — 2026-09-30

Manual tap operation in public and institutional handwashing facilities leads to significant water wastage due to continuous flow during soap application and scrubbing. To address this challenge, this paper presents an Automatic Touchless Handwash System with Water Mist, an integrated framework combining non-contact proximity detection with high-efficiency water atomization. The system utilizes an infrared sensor interfaced with an ATmega328P microcontroller to detect hand presence and actuate a submersible fluid pump and dual solenoid valves via automated switching. By passing pressurized water and soap through specialized micro-mist nozzles (0.2–0.5 mm), the design transforms continuous water streams into fine micro-droplets, maximizing surface coverage while drastically cutting total fluid volume. An embedded water-level sensor provides dry-run protection to safeguard components. Experimental verification confirms that the prototype reduces fluid consumption by up to 80% compared to traditional taps while eliminating surface cross contamination.

Study of Climatic Changes and Global Warming Driven by Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Debabrata Kuila — 2026-09-30

This project examines the greenhouse effect and the role of greenhouse gases in increasing Earth’s temperature and causing climate change. It discusses major greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and CFCs, along with their heat-trapping effects. The study identifies fossil-fuel burning, industrial and vehicle emissions, deforestation, farming, and CFC use as important causes of increasing emissions. It highlights consequences including global warming, changing climate patterns, melting glaciers, rising sea levels, air pollution, and ecological imbalance. The project also uses survey-based data to understand public awareness and perceptions about the growing seriousness of greenhouse gas effects. It concludes that reducing fossil-fuel use and emissions, adopting cleaner energy and eco-friendly transport, planting trees, and increasing public awareness are essential for protecting future generations.

Maintenance Priority of Racing Road Bicycle using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods: A Review

Dharmpal Deepak — 2026-09-24

The study offers an alternative to the conventional failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method for prioritizing failure modes: a multi-factor decision-making approach. Road bikes designed for racing are highly tuned vehicles built to perform very well in competitive settings. But careful upkeep is required due to the demanding nature of racing, as well as normal wear and tear from high-speed movements and extended use. Even while road bike racing recognizes the need of maintenance, there is a noticeable lack of information in the literature regarding systematic approaches for maintenance decision-making. Existing procedures frequently lack a thorough framework that incorporates a variety of factors, such as durability, cost-effectiveness, racing performance, and safety issues. Furthermore, because racing situations are dynamic, it is necessary to have maintenance procedures that are flexible enough to quickly adjust to changing conditions and specifications. The major goal of this project is to create a methodical framework for employing MCDM techniques to optimize the maintenance of road bikes used for racing. The goal of this framework is to improve racing performance while minimizing downtime, lowering maintenance costs, and guaranteeing rider safety by incorporating several criteria, including major and small failures. This research aims to offer racing teams and enthusiasts an organized approach to maintenance decision-making catered to the particular needs of high-performance racing scenarios through the application of TOPSIS, SAW, and VIKOR techniques. The project intends to increase road racing bicycle efficiency, durability, and overall performance by methodically analyzing and prioritizing different maintenance procedures. This will help to progress both cycling technology and athletic performance. Nine criteria (Chance of failure, non-detection of failure, Level of skill needs, Economic safety, Days necessary for the maintenance, Spare parts availability, Machine Reliability, Cost per kilometre, Lead Repair Time) are used to establish the priority ranking.

Arduino-Based Automatic Radar Target Detection and Smart Missile Launcher System: A Review

Aaditya Pramod Suralkar — 2026-09-30

The increasing demand for autonomous tactical defense mechanisms has accelerated the development of low-cost, embedded target acquisition and automated launcher systems. Modern point-defense architectures rely on rapid spatial scanning, real-time target locking, and computerized firing actuation to minimize operational latency [4], [13]. In recent years, combining microcontrollers, ultrasonic distance sensors, dual-axis (pan-tilt) servo platforms, high-voltage arc igniter modules, and serial visualization interfaces has created accessible pathways for prototyping short-range radar defense platforms [2], [4]. Ultrasonic sensors mounted on sweeping servo mechanisms perform angular spatial scanning to detect intruders and calculate polar target coordinates, while embedded control logic evaluates proximity thresholds to align the launcher platform and initiate electrical ignition [2], [18]. This review presents recent developments in Arduino-based radar target detection and automated missile launcher systems, directly mirroring hardware configurations utilizing Arduino Uno microcontrollers, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors, pan-tilt servo motors, high-voltage arc pulse igniters, and ESP32 wireless communication modules [11], [12], [13]. Furthermore, this review identifies critical technical research gaps, particularly the lack of closed-loop feedback in low-cost servo actuation, vulnerability of ultrasonic sensing to environmental noise, and the absence of integrated embedded TinyML threat filtering with high-voltage ignition safety interlocks within a single hardware platform. Finally, future research directions for robust, field-deployable automated defense prototypes are outlined [4], [12].

A Comprehensive Review of Thermal Performance Enhancement in Solar Ponds Using Mathematical Modeling and CFD Techniques

2026-06-22

Solar ponds comprise efficient and economical means of harnessing solar energy. In many applications such as power generation, desalination, and space heating technologies, this system is employed extensively. The study of solar pond performance is analysed in two ways: one method of mathematical modelling and the second board simulation (CFD) methodology. This review explores the modelling of solar radiation, which falls under the estimation for the beam, diffuse, and global radiation. A focus will then be on the role of climatic data as well as regression-based methods (like Angstrom correlations) for the improvement of solar energy predictions. Concerning temperature distribution and energy storage must be investigated in detail by discussing the basic mechanisms of heat transfer, such as conduction, convection, and radiation, in their several manifestations to understand it. However, salinity gradient systems are particularly difficult to model because they involve two critical complicated fluids: water and brine. But CFD is demonstrated to be very good at this, with a variety of models and boundary conditions a novice user could fiddle with. The design configurations differ between solar ponds and conventional types as well as ones based on designing geometry with an internal heat exchanger, like serpentine and helical tubes, which have been reviewed to compare their performance. It was observed that advanced CFD simulations with refined meshing and accurate boundary conditions significantly improve the predictive accuracy of system efficiency. The validation was done with the experimental and literature data, and it confirms the reliability of the modelling approach. On the broader considerations, this review provides notable insights into advances in solar pond technology and identifies the important factors affecting the thermal efficiency and the heat extraction rate. The work will contribute significantly toward efficient utilisation of solar ponds if its design is optimised for sustainability.

How to cite this article:
Taysif M, Gwatiya A. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vedica Institute of Technology Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. J Adv Res Appl Mech Compu Fluid Dyna 2026; 13(3&4): 1-9.