Novel Synthesis and Fabrication of Nanomaterials: A Comprehensive Review
Keywords:
Nanomaterials, Synthesis, Fabrication, Applications, Nanoelectronics, NanomedicineAbstract
Due to their unique size-dependent features, nanomaterials, a cornerstone of modern science and technology, have revolutionised several fields. This review thoroughly examines the synthesis, production, uses, potential applications of these materials. Nanomaterials can be created using a variety of techniques, including chemical, physical, biological ones. Specific control over size, form, composition is possible using chemical procedures like hydrothermal and sol-gel processes. High-purity nanoparticles and thin films can be produced physically using techniques like laser ablation and physical vapour deposition. Techniques for “biogenic” synthesis, which make use of living things, provide a sustainable substitute for making nanoparticles.
The transformation of unfinished nanomaterials into useful structures is made possible by fabrication techniques. For electronics, photonics, biomedicine, accurate patterning and controlled assembly are made possible via lithography, self-assembly, templating. Applications are used in many industries. Quantum dots and nanowires are used in nanoelectronics to create efficient, compact devices. Nanoparticles are used in nanomedicine for imaging and targeted drug delivery. Nanomaterials aid in catalysis, environmental cleanup, sustainable energy solutions. Future research will focus on topological insulators, quantum nanomaterials, 2D materials, ethical issues. Thus, the synthesis, production, application of nanomaterials work in
concert to advance science. With insights into their various uses and possible directions for ground-breaking research, this overview sheds light on the multidimensional character of nanomaterials.
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