Nano-Bio Interfaces and Interactions: A Review
Keywords:
Nanomaterials, Nano-bio interfaces, Drug delivery, Diagnostics, BiocompatibilityAbstract
The intersection of nanotechnology and biology, known as nano-bio interfaces, represents a rapidly evolving field with profound implications for medicine, biotechnology, and materials science. This review examines the fundamental principles, current research, and potential applications of nano-bio interfaces, focusing on the interactions between nanomaterials (NMs) and biological entities such as cells, proteins, and nucleic acids. We explore the unique properties of NMs, including their high surface area-to-volume ratio, tunable surface chemistry, and quantum mechanical effects, which facilitate their interactions with biological systems. Key interaction mechanisms, such as van der Waals forces, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and covalent bonding, are discussed in detail. Current research highlights include the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in targeted drug delivery and controlled release, the application of NMs in high-sensitivity diagnostics, and the interaction of NMs with biological membranes. Potential applications in therapeutics, tissue engineering, and environmental safety are also considered. This review underscores the transformative potential of nano-bio interfaces in revolutionizing medical treatments and diagnostics while emphasizing the need for further research into the safety and environmental impacts of NMs.
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