The Physical and Environmental Aspects of Nanotechnology: Opportunities and Challenges
Keywords:
Nanomaterials, Environmental Remediation, Toxicity Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Quantum Dots, Regulatory FrameworksAbstract
Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale (1 to 100 nanometers), has gained immense attention due to its unique physical properties and vast applications across various fields, including medicine, electronics, energy, and environmental science. The distinctive characteristics of nanomaterials, such as their increased surface area-to-volume ratio, quantum effects, and enhanced mechanical properties, enable innovative solutions that were previously unattainable. However, the rapid advancement of nanotechnology raises significant environmental concerns, particularly regarding the potential toxicity and ecological impacts of engineered nanomaterials. This review explores the physical characteristics that distinguish nanomaterials from their bulk counterparts, examining their implications for practical applications. Additionally, it discusses the environmental challenges posed by the production, use, and disposal of nanomaterials, highlighting the need for comprehensive life cycle assessments. Understanding these aspects is crucial for advancing nanotechnology while ensuring environmental safety and sustainability, ultimately guiding responsible innovation in this promising field.
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