Students’ Perception and Behaviour on Attending a Private-Higher Educational Institution in Jamaica: A Quantitative Perspective
Keywords:
Student Motivation to attend college, most important consideration for choosing college, student attitude to college selectionAbstract
Globalization and liberalization have changed the educational landscape in many nations, including Jamaica. Many of the tertiary institutions in the developing nations have to compete alongside those from highly efficient ones in the developed world. A descriptive research design was used to conduct this research. The descriptive research design allows the researcher to use the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS for Windows Version 24.0) and conduct descriptive statistics – percentages, frequencies, graphs, mean, standard deviation, confidence intervals, and principal component method in factor analysis. A two-tailed test of significance will be used to determine the level of significance at a 95% degree of confidence (or ? = 0.05 or 5%). Stratified probability sampling was used randomly stratifying the student population (Kish, 1956). A sample of 351 freshmen was surveyed, with a margin of error of ±3%. Of the sampled respondents (n=351), there were 3.4 females to every 1 male (i.e., n=270, 76.9%), with 0.6% of the freshmen indicating that they ‘prefer not to say’ their gender. On the motivation scale, the most important variable in the index was humanitarianism followed by proving worth. This can only be done by way of rebranding its image, improving academic reputation, divesting into new and innovative programmes, supplying and meeting the needs of its clients, and creating an atmosphere of excellence in all areas of operation.
How to cite this article: Bourne PA. Students’ Perception and Behaviour on Attending a Private-Higher Educational Institution in Jamaica: A Quantitative Perspective. J Adv Res Pub Poli Admn 2019; 1(2): 6-37.
References
1. Adelman I, Morris CT. Factor Analysis of the Interrelationship Between Social and Political Variables and Per Capita Gross National Product. Quarterly Journal of Economics 1965; 79: 555-78.
2. Babbie E. The Practice of Social Research 12th Edition. Wadsworth, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 2010. 3. Balashov Y, Rosenberg A. Introduction, in Philosophy of Science: Contemporary Readings, 3-7. London: Routledge. 2002.
4. Bamosa AO, Ali BA. Factors affecting student motivation: Perception of pre-clinical students in the college of medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family & Community Medicine 2000; 7(1): 55-61.
5. Bastick T, Matalon BA. Research: New and practical approaches (2nd ed.). Kingston: Chalkboard Press. 2007.
6. Bernstein M. The Great Depression: Delayed recovery and economic change in America, 1987; 19291939. New York: Cambridge University Press.
7. Blalock HM. Causal models in the social sciences. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton. 1971.
8. Blalock HM. Correlated independent variables: The problem of multicollinearity. American Journal of Sociology 1963; 42: 233-237.
9. Blalock HM. Causal inferences in non-experimental research. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1964.
10. Blalock HM. Causal inference, closed populations and measures of association. American Political Review 1967; 61:130-136.
11. Blalock HM, Blalock AB. Methodology in social research. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1968.
12. Blanc RA, Debuhr LE, Martin DC et al. Breaking the attrition cycle: The effects of supplemental instruction on undergraduate performance and attrition. Journal of Higher Education 1983; 54(1): 80-90.
13. Cole HL, Ohanian LE. New deal policies and the persistence of the Great Depression: A general equilibrium analysis. Journal of Political Economy 2004; 112: 779-816.
14. Côté J, Levine C. Student motivations, learning environments and human capital acquisition: Toward an integrated paradigm of student development. Journal of College Student Development 1997; 38: 229-243.
15. Crotty M. The foundations of social research: Meaning and perspective in the research process. London: SAGE. 2005.
16. Darlington RB, Weinberg S, Walberg H. Canonical variate analysis and related techniques. Review of Educational Research 1973; 453-454.
17. Davis B. What’s a Global recession? The Wall Street Journal. 2009. Retrieved from https://blogs.wsj.com/ economics/2009/04/22/whats-a-global-recession/
18. Delaware Valley College. Top 10 factors to consider when choosing a college. Retrieved from http://www. delval.edu/blog/choosing-a-college.
19. Downes A. The global economic crisis and Caribbean States: Impact and response. Presented at Commonwealth Secretariat Conference on the Global Economic Crisis and Small States, London. 2009.
20. Fabricant F, Miller J, Stark DJ. Creating career success: A flexible plan for the world of work. Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. 2014.
21. Friedman M. The Role of Government in Education. 1955. http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1173402/ posts (published on 07/17/2004 4:04:55 PM PDT by Remember Salamis, viewed on October 11, 2017).
22. Gardner T. Testing times at Private-Higher Educational Institution - University prepares for 2015 after extreme financial challenges, worrying enrolment figures and moments when it had to re-evaluate its values. Kingston: Gleaner. 1955. Retrieved from http://jamaicagleaner.com/article/lead-stories/20141228/testingtimes-Private-higher Educational Institution-universityprepares-2015-after-extreme-financialGay, L.R., & Airasian, P. (2000). Educational Research: Competencies for analysis and application (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
23. Glassner B, Schapiro M. The right reasons to pick a college. 2013. Retrieved from https://news. northwestern.edu/stories/2013/08/the-right-reasonsto-pick-a-college/
24. Gower J. What is the most important reason to attend college. 2012. Retrieved from https://www.nerdwallet. com/blog/loans/student-loans/most-important-reasonattend-college/Hansen, A. (1938). Full recovery or stagnation? New York: Norton.
25. Howey SC. Factors in student motivation. Retrieved from the NACADA Clearinghouse of Academic Advising Resources Web site. 2008.
http://www.nacada.ksu.edu/Resources/Clearinghouse/ View-Articles/Motivation.aspx.
26. Hughes H, Krueger A. Effects of protection in developed countries on developing countries’ exports of manufactures. 1984. Retrieved from http://www.nber. org/chapters/c5842.pdf, accessed March 20, 2018.
27. Instituto de Estudos Socioeconomicos (Inesc). Protectionism on the rise hits developing countries hardest. 2014. Retrieved from http://www.inesc.org. br/news/2009-1/february/protectionism-on-the-rise
hits-developing-countries-hardest, March 20, 2018.
28. Irwin N. The depression’s unheeded lessons. New York: New York Times. 2015. Retrieved from https:// www.nytimes.com/2015/01/11/upshot/the-depressions-unheeded-lessons-.html?rref=collection%2Ftimestopic%2FGreat%20Depression%20(1930%27s)&action=click&contentCollection=timestopics®ion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=10&pgtype=collection
29. Observer J. Drastic decline in enrolment at Cave Hill UWI campus. 2014. Retrieved from http://www. jamaicaobserver.com/news/Drastic-decline-inenrolment-at-Cave-Hill-UWI-campus
30. Observer J. Enrolment at UWI Mona tops 17,000. 2016. Retrieved from http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/ news/Enrolment-at-UWI-Mona-tops-17-000_56626
31. Keshishian F, Brocavich JM, Boone RT et al. Motivating factors influencing college students’ choice of academic major. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2010; 74(3): 46.
32. Kirkpatrick C, Tennant D. Responding to financial crisis: The case of Jamaica. World Development 2002; 30(11): 1933-1950.
33. Kish L. Survey sampling. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1965.
34. Kuhn TS. The structure of scientific revolutions (3rd ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1996.
35. Lauer C. Enrolments in higher education: do economic incentives matter? Education & Training 2002; 44(4/5): 179-185.
36. Lauer C. Enrolments in higher education: do economic incentives matter? Education & Training 2004; 44(4&5): 179-185.
37. Lee J-W. Economic growth and human development in the Republic of Korea, 1945- 1992. Retrieved on October 13, 2017 from http://hdr.undp.org/docs/ publications/ocational_papers/oc24aa.htm#foot1
38. Long H. College enrolment is dropping. Bad sign? 2016. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2016/05/20/ news/economy/college-enrollment-down/index. htmlMelville, J.A. The impact of structural adjustment on the poor. Basseterre: St. Kitts and Nevis. 7th Annual Development Conference, Eastern Caribbean Central Bank. 2002.
39. Marguardt E. Trade protectionism in developed countries. 2003. Retrieved from https://www.globalpolicy.org/ component/content/article/213/45644.htmlm, 2018.
40. Mohd Jaafar NI. The Factors that Motivate Undergraduates to Pursue Tertiary Education: Employability, Expectation, Learning or Enjoyment. In: Abdullah M., Yahya W., Ramli N., Mohamed S., Ahmad B. (eds) Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014). Singapore: Springer. 2016.
41. Morrison Donald F. Multivariate Statistical Methods. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1990.
42. Morse R. Students say ranking aren’t most important factor in college decision. 2011. Retrieved from https:// www.usnews.com/education/blogs/college-rankingsblog/2011/01/27/students-say-rankings-arent-mostimportant-factor-in-college-decision.
43. Munroe T. An introduction to politics. Lectures for first year students. Kingston: Canoe Press, University of the West Indies. 1993.
44. Nagaraj S, Munisamy S, Mohd Jaafar NI et al. How do undergraduates choose their university? A study of first year university of Malaya Students. FEA Working Paper Series 2008-8. Kuala Lumpur: Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya. 2008.
45. National Student Clearinghouse. Current term enrollment estimates-Spring. 2017. Retrieved from https:// nscresearchcenter.org/currenttermenrollmentestimate-spring2017/m.
46. Neuman S, Dickinson D. (Eds.). Handbook of early literacy research. 2001; 3.
47. Neuman WL. Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches, 7th ed. New York: Pearson/ Allyn and Bacon. 2014.
48. Organization for Economic Co-operation and development. Protectionism- the case against. 2018. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/trade/ protectionism-thecaseagainst.htm, accessed March 20, 2018.
49. Phinney JS, Dennis J, Osorio S. Reasons for attending college among ethnically diverse college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 2006; 12(2): 347-66.
50. Rapley J. Understanding development: Theory and practice in the Third World (2nd ed.). London: Lynne Rienner Publishers. 2002.
51. Raykov T. On the large-sample bias, variance and mean squared error of the conventional noncentrality parameter estimator of covariance structure models. Structural Equation Modeling 2000a; 7: 431441.
52. Raykov T. On sensitivity of structural equation modeling to latent pattern misspecifications. Structural Equation Modeling 2000b; 7: 596-607.
53. Raykov T, Marcoulides GA. A method for comparing completely standardized solutions in multiple groups. Structural Equation Modeling 2000; 7: 292-308.
54. Raykov T, Marcoulides GA, Patelis T. Saturated Versus Identified Models: A Note on their Distinction. Educational and Psychological Measurement 2013; 73: 162-168.
55. Richard L. Factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 1983.
56. RJR. Number of students enrolling in tertiary institutions decline. 2016. Retrieved from http:// www.rjrnewsonline.com/local/number-of-studentsenrolling-in-tertiary-institutions-declinesRobotham, D. (2001). Analyzing the Jamaican crisis. Souls, 67-75. Retrieved from http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ccbh/ souls/vol3no4/vol3num4art7.pdf.
57. Rubenstein Amy S. An item-level analysis of questionnaire-type measures of intellectual curiosity. Cornell University Ph. D. thesis. 1986.
58. Saint-Etienne C. The Great Depression, 1929-1938: Lessons for the 1980s. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press. 1984.
59. Sarioglana M. A theoretical research on the constraints of development of Gastronomy Education in Turkey. Social and Behavioral Sciences 2014; 116: 260-264.
60. Smiley G. Great Depression. The Concise Enclopedia of Economics. 2008. Retrieved from http://www. econlib.org/library/Enc/GreatDepression.htmlSmiley, G. (2002). Rethinking the Great Depression: A New View of Its Causes and Consequences. Chicago: Ivan R.
61. Spearman C. Demonstration of Formulæ for True Measurement of Correlation. The American Journal of Psychology. 1907; 18(2): 161-169.
62. Spearman C. Human Ability. London: Macmillan. 1950.
63. Stuart JM. Factors influencing student enrolment in clinical laboratory science programs. American Clinical Laboratory 2016; 21(7): 31-33.
64. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed.). New York: Harper Collins. 1996.
65. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics, Fifth Edition. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. 2007.
66. Temin P. Did monetary forces cause the Great Depression? New York: Norton. 1976.
67. Temin P. Lessons from the Great Depression. Cambridge: MIT Press. 1989.
68. Todaro M. Economic development (7th ed.).. New York: Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc. 2000.
69. University Office of Planning and Development. Statistical Digest 2010/11 to 2014/15. Annual Business Meeting of the University Council 29th April 2016, Trinidad. 2000. Retrieved from https://www.mona. uwi.edu/opair/statistics/2014-2015/Statistical-Review2010-11-to-2014-15.pdf
70. Utrecht University. (n.d.). Choosing a university and program. Retrieved from https://students.uu.nl/en/ university-college-utrecht/student-life-and-careerorientation/masters/choosing-a-university-andprogram
71. Vergolini L, Zanini N. How does aid matter? The effect of financial aid on university enrolment decisions. Institut d’Economia de Barcelona (IEB) Working Papers N.2012/7. 2012.
72. Vogel T. Jamaica is hit hard by a financial crisis. The Wall Street Journal. 1997. Retrieved from https://www. wsj.com/articles/SB862272798437752500Warner, L. (2016, January 11). Should students choose their course content? Retrieved from https:// www.timeshighereducation.com/student/advice/ student-blog-should-students-choose-their-coursecontentWilson-Harris, N. (2015, January 18). Student shun Christian colleges. Kingston: The Gleaner. Retrieved from http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20150118/ news/news1.html Witter, M. & Anderson, P. (1991). The distribution of the social cost of Jamaica’s Structural Adjustment, 1977-1989. Kingston, Jamaica: PIOJ.
73. Waller LG. ICTs for Whose Development? A critical analysis of the discourses surrounding an ICT for Development Initiative for a group of microenterprise entrepreneurs operating in the Jamaican tourism industry: Towards the development of methodologies and analytical tools for understanding and explaining the ICT for Development Phenomenon. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Waikato, New Zealand. 2006.
74. Zelick PR. Issues in the psychology of motivation. New York: Nova Science Publishers. 2007.
2. Babbie E. The Practice of Social Research 12th Edition. Wadsworth, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 2010. 3. Balashov Y, Rosenberg A. Introduction, in Philosophy of Science: Contemporary Readings, 3-7. London: Routledge. 2002.
4. Bamosa AO, Ali BA. Factors affecting student motivation: Perception of pre-clinical students in the college of medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family & Community Medicine 2000; 7(1): 55-61.
5. Bastick T, Matalon BA. Research: New and practical approaches (2nd ed.). Kingston: Chalkboard Press. 2007.
6. Bernstein M. The Great Depression: Delayed recovery and economic change in America, 1987; 19291939. New York: Cambridge University Press.
7. Blalock HM. Causal models in the social sciences. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton. 1971.
8. Blalock HM. Correlated independent variables: The problem of multicollinearity. American Journal of Sociology 1963; 42: 233-237.
9. Blalock HM. Causal inferences in non-experimental research. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1964.
10. Blalock HM. Causal inference, closed populations and measures of association. American Political Review 1967; 61:130-136.
11. Blalock HM, Blalock AB. Methodology in social research. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1968.
12. Blanc RA, Debuhr LE, Martin DC et al. Breaking the attrition cycle: The effects of supplemental instruction on undergraduate performance and attrition. Journal of Higher Education 1983; 54(1): 80-90.
13. Cole HL, Ohanian LE. New deal policies and the persistence of the Great Depression: A general equilibrium analysis. Journal of Political Economy 2004; 112: 779-816.
14. Côté J, Levine C. Student motivations, learning environments and human capital acquisition: Toward an integrated paradigm of student development. Journal of College Student Development 1997; 38: 229-243.
15. Crotty M. The foundations of social research: Meaning and perspective in the research process. London: SAGE. 2005.
16. Darlington RB, Weinberg S, Walberg H. Canonical variate analysis and related techniques. Review of Educational Research 1973; 453-454.
17. Davis B. What’s a Global recession? The Wall Street Journal. 2009. Retrieved from https://blogs.wsj.com/ economics/2009/04/22/whats-a-global-recession/
18. Delaware Valley College. Top 10 factors to consider when choosing a college. Retrieved from http://www. delval.edu/blog/choosing-a-college.
19. Downes A. The global economic crisis and Caribbean States: Impact and response. Presented at Commonwealth Secretariat Conference on the Global Economic Crisis and Small States, London. 2009.
20. Fabricant F, Miller J, Stark DJ. Creating career success: A flexible plan for the world of work. Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. 2014.
21. Friedman M. The Role of Government in Education. 1955. http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1173402/ posts (published on 07/17/2004 4:04:55 PM PDT by Remember Salamis, viewed on October 11, 2017).
22. Gardner T. Testing times at Private-Higher Educational Institution - University prepares for 2015 after extreme financial challenges, worrying enrolment figures and moments when it had to re-evaluate its values. Kingston: Gleaner. 1955. Retrieved from http://jamaicagleaner.com/article/lead-stories/20141228/testingtimes-Private-higher Educational Institution-universityprepares-2015-after-extreme-financialGay, L.R., & Airasian, P. (2000). Educational Research: Competencies for analysis and application (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
23. Glassner B, Schapiro M. The right reasons to pick a college. 2013. Retrieved from https://news. northwestern.edu/stories/2013/08/the-right-reasonsto-pick-a-college/
24. Gower J. What is the most important reason to attend college. 2012. Retrieved from https://www.nerdwallet. com/blog/loans/student-loans/most-important-reasonattend-college/Hansen, A. (1938). Full recovery or stagnation? New York: Norton.
25. Howey SC. Factors in student motivation. Retrieved from the NACADA Clearinghouse of Academic Advising Resources Web site. 2008.
http://www.nacada.ksu.edu/Resources/Clearinghouse/ View-Articles/Motivation.aspx.
26. Hughes H, Krueger A. Effects of protection in developed countries on developing countries’ exports of manufactures. 1984. Retrieved from http://www.nber. org/chapters/c5842.pdf, accessed March 20, 2018.
27. Instituto de Estudos Socioeconomicos (Inesc). Protectionism on the rise hits developing countries hardest. 2014. Retrieved from http://www.inesc.org. br/news/2009-1/february/protectionism-on-the-rise
hits-developing-countries-hardest, March 20, 2018.
28. Irwin N. The depression’s unheeded lessons. New York: New York Times. 2015. Retrieved from https:// www.nytimes.com/2015/01/11/upshot/the-depressions-unheeded-lessons-.html?rref=collection%2Ftimestopic%2FGreat%20Depression%20(1930%27s)&action=click&contentCollection=timestopics®ion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=10&pgtype=collection
29. Observer J. Drastic decline in enrolment at Cave Hill UWI campus. 2014. Retrieved from http://www. jamaicaobserver.com/news/Drastic-decline-inenrolment-at-Cave-Hill-UWI-campus
30. Observer J. Enrolment at UWI Mona tops 17,000. 2016. Retrieved from http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/ news/Enrolment-at-UWI-Mona-tops-17-000_56626
31. Keshishian F, Brocavich JM, Boone RT et al. Motivating factors influencing college students’ choice of academic major. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2010; 74(3): 46.
32. Kirkpatrick C, Tennant D. Responding to financial crisis: The case of Jamaica. World Development 2002; 30(11): 1933-1950.
33. Kish L. Survey sampling. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1965.
34. Kuhn TS. The structure of scientific revolutions (3rd ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1996.
35. Lauer C. Enrolments in higher education: do economic incentives matter? Education & Training 2002; 44(4/5): 179-185.
36. Lauer C. Enrolments in higher education: do economic incentives matter? Education & Training 2004; 44(4&5): 179-185.
37. Lee J-W. Economic growth and human development in the Republic of Korea, 1945- 1992. Retrieved on October 13, 2017 from http://hdr.undp.org/docs/ publications/ocational_papers/oc24aa.htm#foot1
38. Long H. College enrolment is dropping. Bad sign? 2016. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2016/05/20/ news/economy/college-enrollment-down/index. htmlMelville, J.A. The impact of structural adjustment on the poor. Basseterre: St. Kitts and Nevis. 7th Annual Development Conference, Eastern Caribbean Central Bank. 2002.
39. Marguardt E. Trade protectionism in developed countries. 2003. Retrieved from https://www.globalpolicy.org/ component/content/article/213/45644.htmlm, 2018.
40. Mohd Jaafar NI. The Factors that Motivate Undergraduates to Pursue Tertiary Education: Employability, Expectation, Learning or Enjoyment. In: Abdullah M., Yahya W., Ramli N., Mohamed S., Ahmad B. (eds) Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014). Singapore: Springer. 2016.
41. Morrison Donald F. Multivariate Statistical Methods. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1990.
42. Morse R. Students say ranking aren’t most important factor in college decision. 2011. Retrieved from https:// www.usnews.com/education/blogs/college-rankingsblog/2011/01/27/students-say-rankings-arent-mostimportant-factor-in-college-decision.
43. Munroe T. An introduction to politics. Lectures for first year students. Kingston: Canoe Press, University of the West Indies. 1993.
44. Nagaraj S, Munisamy S, Mohd Jaafar NI et al. How do undergraduates choose their university? A study of first year university of Malaya Students. FEA Working Paper Series 2008-8. Kuala Lumpur: Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya. 2008.
45. National Student Clearinghouse. Current term enrollment estimates-Spring. 2017. Retrieved from https:// nscresearchcenter.org/currenttermenrollmentestimate-spring2017/m.
46. Neuman S, Dickinson D. (Eds.). Handbook of early literacy research. 2001; 3.
47. Neuman WL. Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches, 7th ed. New York: Pearson/ Allyn and Bacon. 2014.
48. Organization for Economic Co-operation and development. Protectionism- the case against. 2018. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/trade/ protectionism-thecaseagainst.htm, accessed March 20, 2018.
49. Phinney JS, Dennis J, Osorio S. Reasons for attending college among ethnically diverse college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 2006; 12(2): 347-66.
50. Rapley J. Understanding development: Theory and practice in the Third World (2nd ed.). London: Lynne Rienner Publishers. 2002.
51. Raykov T. On the large-sample bias, variance and mean squared error of the conventional noncentrality parameter estimator of covariance structure models. Structural Equation Modeling 2000a; 7: 431441.
52. Raykov T. On sensitivity of structural equation modeling to latent pattern misspecifications. Structural Equation Modeling 2000b; 7: 596-607.
53. Raykov T, Marcoulides GA. A method for comparing completely standardized solutions in multiple groups. Structural Equation Modeling 2000; 7: 292-308.
54. Raykov T, Marcoulides GA, Patelis T. Saturated Versus Identified Models: A Note on their Distinction. Educational and Psychological Measurement 2013; 73: 162-168.
55. Richard L. Factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 1983.
56. RJR. Number of students enrolling in tertiary institutions decline. 2016. Retrieved from http:// www.rjrnewsonline.com/local/number-of-studentsenrolling-in-tertiary-institutions-declinesRobotham, D. (2001). Analyzing the Jamaican crisis. Souls, 67-75. Retrieved from http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ccbh/ souls/vol3no4/vol3num4art7.pdf.
57. Rubenstein Amy S. An item-level analysis of questionnaire-type measures of intellectual curiosity. Cornell University Ph. D. thesis. 1986.
58. Saint-Etienne C. The Great Depression, 1929-1938: Lessons for the 1980s. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press. 1984.
59. Sarioglana M. A theoretical research on the constraints of development of Gastronomy Education in Turkey. Social and Behavioral Sciences 2014; 116: 260-264.
60. Smiley G. Great Depression. The Concise Enclopedia of Economics. 2008. Retrieved from http://www. econlib.org/library/Enc/GreatDepression.htmlSmiley, G. (2002). Rethinking the Great Depression: A New View of Its Causes and Consequences. Chicago: Ivan R.
61. Spearman C. Demonstration of Formulæ for True Measurement of Correlation. The American Journal of Psychology. 1907; 18(2): 161-169.
62. Spearman C. Human Ability. London: Macmillan. 1950.
63. Stuart JM. Factors influencing student enrolment in clinical laboratory science programs. American Clinical Laboratory 2016; 21(7): 31-33.
64. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed.). New York: Harper Collins. 1996.
65. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics, Fifth Edition. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. 2007.
66. Temin P. Did monetary forces cause the Great Depression? New York: Norton. 1976.
67. Temin P. Lessons from the Great Depression. Cambridge: MIT Press. 1989.
68. Todaro M. Economic development (7th ed.).. New York: Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc. 2000.
69. University Office of Planning and Development. Statistical Digest 2010/11 to 2014/15. Annual Business Meeting of the University Council 29th April 2016, Trinidad. 2000. Retrieved from https://www.mona. uwi.edu/opair/statistics/2014-2015/Statistical-Review2010-11-to-2014-15.pdf
70. Utrecht University. (n.d.). Choosing a university and program. Retrieved from https://students.uu.nl/en/ university-college-utrecht/student-life-and-careerorientation/masters/choosing-a-university-andprogram
71. Vergolini L, Zanini N. How does aid matter? The effect of financial aid on university enrolment decisions. Institut d’Economia de Barcelona (IEB) Working Papers N.2012/7. 2012.
72. Vogel T. Jamaica is hit hard by a financial crisis. The Wall Street Journal. 1997. Retrieved from https://www. wsj.com/articles/SB862272798437752500Warner, L. (2016, January 11). Should students choose their course content? Retrieved from https:// www.timeshighereducation.com/student/advice/ student-blog-should-students-choose-their-coursecontentWilson-Harris, N. (2015, January 18). Student shun Christian colleges. Kingston: The Gleaner. Retrieved from http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20150118/ news/news1.html Witter, M. & Anderson, P. (1991). The distribution of the social cost of Jamaica’s Structural Adjustment, 1977-1989. Kingston, Jamaica: PIOJ.
73. Waller LG. ICTs for Whose Development? A critical analysis of the discourses surrounding an ICT for Development Initiative for a group of microenterprise entrepreneurs operating in the Jamaican tourism industry: Towards the development of methodologies and analytical tools for understanding and explaining the ICT for Development Phenomenon. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Waikato, New Zealand. 2006.
74. Zelick PR. Issues in the psychology of motivation. New York: Nova Science Publishers. 2007.
Published
2020-03-11
How to Cite
Bourne, P. A. (2020). Students’ Perception and Behaviour on Attending a Private-Higher Educational Institution in Jamaica: A Quantitative Perspective. Journal of Advanced Research in Public Policy and Administration, 1(2), 6-37. Retrieved from https://adrjournalshouse.com/index.php/Journal-PublicPolicy-Administrat/article/view/709
Issue
Section
Research Article
