Benchmarking and Best Practices in Productivity and Quality Improvement: A Review of Global Perspectives

Abstract

In an era characterised by globalisation, rapid technological change, and competitive pressures, benchmarking has emerged as a strategic tool for continuous improvement and organisational excellence. This review article explores the evolution, typologies, and methodologies of benchmarking and its integration with quality improvement practices such as Total Quality Management (TQM), Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing, and Kaizen. Drawing from global literature, case studies, and industry examples, the article analyses how benchmarking supports innovation, operational efficiency, and sustainability across sectors. The paper further identifies critical success factors, barriers, and emerging trends, including digital benchmarking, sustainability-orientated practices, and knowledge sharing. The review concludes with a conceptual framework linking benchmarking to organisational learning and continuous improvement, providing implications for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.