Mass Communication Tools: Exploring Effectiveness for Assam Tea Worker Community

Authors

  • Suresh Goduka Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India Department of Design, Guwahati, India 781039

Keywords:

Mass Communication Design, Communication Model, Communication Design, Communication Research, Assam Tea Tribe

Abstract

Assam's tea workers, a diverse mix of ethnic communities, have lived in isolated tea garden colonies since the British era. This research paper presents a field survey among these workers, assessing the effectiveness of various mass media tools in disseminating public awareness messages. The survey, comprising 15 questions, aimed to measure seven indicators related to the visibility and understanding of different media messages. The findings reveal a poor reach and impact of these mass media tools among the studied population.

References

Barpujari, H. K. (2007). The Comprehensive History of Assam, Vol. V, Guwahati: Assam Publication Board. p. 48

Bhowmik, S. (1981). Class Formation in the Plantation System. New Delhi: People's Publishing House: pp 86-95

Bhowmik, S. K. (2002). Productivity and Labour Standards in Tea Plantation Sector in India. In Labour and Social Issues in Plantations in South Asia: Role of Social Dialogue, edited by A. Sivananthiran and C.S. Venkata Raman, 133-166. New Delhi: International Labour Organisation.

Bolton, D. (2019). Tea consumption second only to packaged water, World Tea News. Retrieved 24 July 2020, from https://worldteanews.com/tea-industry-news-and-features/tea-consumption-second-only-to-packaged-water

Bora, P.J., Das, B.R., Das, N. (2018): Availability and utilization of sanitation facilities amongst the tea garden population of Jorhat district, Assam, Int. J. Community Med. Public Health, 5, pp. 2506-2511

Borgohain, H. (2015): Assamar sah udyogar akathita kahini, 2. Guwahati: Students Stores

Breman, J. (1989). Taming the Coolie Beast: Plantation Society and the Colonial Order in Southeast Asia. Delhi. p.157.

Chatterjee, P. (2001). Encounters Over Tea: Labor, Gender, and Politics of an Indian Plantation, pp. 112-191.

Chakravorty, R. (1997). Socio-economic Development of Plantations Workers in North East India. Dibrugarh: N.L. Publishers

Das, R. K. (1931). Plantation Labour in India, Calcutta: R. Chatterjee. p. 20

Devi, P. (2014). Socio economic status of the tea garden women workers in Assam - A case study with special reference to Sonitpur District. 2(2) 1-7.

Dibrugarh University, Centre for Women’s Studies (2017). Stories Behind a Hot Cup of Assam Tea. Report submitted to Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India.

Duara, M. & Mallick, S. (2012): Tea industry in Assam (India): Issues of migration and gender discrimination, Proceedings of International Conference on History and Society Development. pp. 174-177. DOI: 10.7763/IPEDR.2012.V54.35

Fernandes, W., Sanjay, B. & Bharali, G. eds. (2003). Primary Education of Plantation Labourers’ Children in Assam. Guwahati: North East Resource Centre.

Gait, Edward. (1902). A History of Assam. EBH Publishers, Guwahati.

Gangulee, N. (1939). Health and Nutrition in India, London: Faber and Faber Ltd., pp. 229-230

GNRTFN (2016): A life without dignity – the price of your cup of tea: abuses and violations of human rights in tea plantations in India, Heidelberg: Global Network for the Right to Food and Nutrition.

Goduka S., Das A.K. (2021): Design-audited mass communication model. In: Chakrabarti A., Poovaiah R., Bokil P., Kant V. (eds) Design for Tomorrow—Volume 2. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol. 222. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0119-4_36

Goduka, S., Das, A.K. (2023). Awareness Campaign Design for Assam Tea Plantation Workers. In: Chakrabarti, A., Singh, V. (eds) Design in the Era of Industry 4.0, Volume 3. ICORD 2023. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 346. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0428-0_51

Gokhale, N. A. (1998). The hot brew: the Assam tea industry’s most turbulent decade, 1987-1997. Spectrum Publications. P. 4 ISBN 978-81-85319-82-7

Gupta, R. D. (1981). Structure of the labour market in colonial India. Economic and Political Weekly, 1781-1806.

Hazarika, K. (2012): Tea Tribes are lagging behind in the process of urbanization: a study on selected tea gardens of Jorhat district, Assam, Int. J. Trends in Eco Management & Tech. vol. 1(6)

Hunter, W. W. (1879). A statistical account of Assam (Vol. 2). Trubner & Company.

Imperial Gazetteer Bengal, Chota Nagpur Division (1907). Calcutta: The Bengal Secretariat Press.

Imperial Gazetteer of India (1908), Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Joseph, M. (2009). Women Workers in Tea Plantation: A Brief Appraisal’, The Tea Labourers of North East India: An Anthropo-Historical Perspective, Sengupta, S. (eds). New Delhi: Mittal Publications. pp. 295

Kakati, V. (2016). Design intervention for mechanisation of tea leaf harvesting to improve productivity and efficiency (Doctoral dissertation, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati).

Kar, R. K. (1993). Socio-economic life of tea and ex-tea labour of Assam: An appraisal. Bulletin of Department of Anthropology. Dibrugarh University, 20-21: 110-120

Khullar, D. R. (2006). India: A Comprehensive Geography. New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers.

Kurmi, S. (1991): Sah bagisar jeevan aru sanskriti, Jorhat: Asssam Sahitya Sabha

Medhi, G. K., Hazarika, N. C., Shah, B., & Mahanta, J. (2006). Study of health problems and nutritional status of tea garden population of Assam. Indian J. of Medical Sciences, 60(12), 496-505. DOI:10.4103/0019-5359.28979

Minutes of Evidence (1931). Evidence of Dr G.C. Ramsay, Royal Commission on Labour in India (Assam), Vol. 6. London, p. 10.

Mishra D. K., Upadhyay V., Sarma A. (2012). Unfolding crisis in Assam's tea plantations - Employment and occupational mobility. Routledge

National Health Systems Resource Centre (2015). Study on contributing factors of IMR and MMR in Tea Gardens of Assam. Regional Resource Centre for North Eastern States. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India

Nomani. A. M. (2008). The Plantations Labour Act, 1951 and The Assam Plantations Labour Rules, 1956, Guwahati: Assam Law House

Panyang, R., Teli, A.B., Saikia, S.P. (2018): Prevalence of anemia among the women of childbearing age belonging to the tea garden community of Assam, India: a community-based study. J. Family Med. Prim. Care. vol. 7(4), 734-738

Rasaily, R. (2016). Women's labour in the tea sector: Changing trajectories and emerging challenges. In Globalisation, Development and Plantation Labour in India (pp. 51-81). Routledge India.

Report on Labour Immigration into Assam for the year 1877. (1878). Shillong: Assam Secretariat Press. p. 18

Report on Labour Immigration into Assam for the year 1878. (1879). Shillong: Assam Secretariat Press. pp. 10-15

Report on Labour Immigration into Assam for the year 1882. (1883). Shillong: Assam Secretariat Press. p. 27

Report on Labour Immigration into Assam for the year 1883. (1884). Shillong: The Assam Secretariat Press. p. 33

Report on Labour Immigration into Assam for the year 1889 (1890), Shillong: The Assam Secretariat Press, p. 28

Report on Labour Immigration into Assam for the year 1893 (1894). Shillong: The Assam Secretariat Press. p. 48

Roy, S.K. (2005). Tribes Education and Gender Question, Northern Book Centre, New Delhi, pp.165

Sachdev, S. (2018). A Matter of Life and Death: Surviving childbirth on Assam’s tea plantations. Nazdeek.

Saikia S, Misra S, Misra B. (2014): Tea garden workers and their living conditions: a study on Sarusarai tea garden of Jorhat district of Assam, XV Annual International Seminar on Economy, Enterprise and Employment, pp. 509-517.

Sarkar, K. (2016). Return to labour and inclusive growth in the context of Indian tea plantations: Recent happenings in Kerala and West Bengal. Paper presented at international conference on public policy & management.

Sharma, C. K. (2012). The immigration issue in Assam and conflicts around it. Asian Ethnicity, 13(3), 287-309.

Sharma, J. (2011). Empire's garden: Assam and the making of India. Duke University Press.

Shlomowitz, R., & Brennan, L. (1990). Mortality and migrant labour in Assam, 1865-1921. The Indian Economic & Social History Review, 27(1), 85-110.

Tanti, S. K. (2002). Chah Janagosthir Bhasa Samporka. Amar Asom, 04032002.

Tasa, D. (2013). Sah mazdoor samajat samajik shiksha, Assam Sahitya Sabha

TISS (2019). Decent work for tea plantation workers in Assam: constraints, challenges and prospects

UNESCO (2003). Different Approaches for Achieving EFA: Indian Experience.

UKTIA (2023). United Kingdom Tea & Infusions Association Ltd.), c/o Food & Drink Federation, London, WC1A 2SL, accessed in September 2023 from https://www.tea.co.uk

Varma, N. (2016). Coolies of Capitalism: Assam Tea and the Making of Coolie Worker. Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter.

Vir. S. C. (2008). Addressing Child Malnutrition in Tea Gardens of Dibrugarh District, Assam. UNICEF.

Warren, W.K. (1975). Tea Tales of Assam: Recollections of the Early Days in "tea" as Concerned the Warren Family, p.8.

Willson, K. C., & Clifford, M. N. (1992). Tea: Cultivation to Consumption. London: Chapman and Hall

Published

2024-06-29

How to Cite

Suresh Goduka. (2024). Mass Communication Tools: Exploring Effectiveness for Assam Tea Worker Community. Journal of Advanced Research in Journalism & Mass Communication, 11(1&2). Retrieved from https://adrjournalshouse.com/index.php/Journalism-MassComm/article/view/2028