Health Effects of Ultrafine Particles (PM1.0): A Review
Keywords:
Ultrafine particles, Health, Effects, Oxidative stress, InflammatoryAbstract
Particulate Matter, also known as aerosols, is suspended solid and liquid particles in the atmosphere. These particles are of different sizes and ranges from 0.001-100 µm. It is composed of inorganic elements, ions (like sulfates, nitrates etc.), poly-aromatic hydrocarbons, elemental carbon and some other organic constituents. The major man made sources are vehicular, industrial, coal and biomass emissions. In the recent years, the concentration of particulate matter has increased exponentially. PM has shown major health effects like respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Apart from PM2.5 and PM10, which are being given major attention, PM1.0 has now become a matter of concern. Our study concentrates on the reason that why the research on Ultrafine particles (PM1.0) is of greater importance. These particles can stay in the atmosphere for days or weeks and thus can be transported over long distances in the atmosphere and are highly potent than the coarser particles as their size is 10 times smaller than PM1.0.Various health effects are associated with these particles like lung and heart diseases, increased risk of death, impaired pulmonary function etc. Thus a need for consideration of PM1.0 as a major pollutant is generated and its adverse impacts should be taken into account to apply the separate mitigation measures for PM1.0.
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