Advancements in Flood Modeling: Techniques, Impacts, and Future Challenges

Abstract

Flooding is one of the most devastating natural disasters, causing significant loss of life, economic damage, and environmental destruction. With the increasing frequency and intensity of floods, largely driven by climate change, flood modeling has become a crucial tool for disaster preparedness, risk mitigation, and urban planning. This review explores the various types of flood models, including hydrological, hydraulic, and integrated models, highlighting their applications and advancements. The paper also discusses the integration of remote sensing, real-time forecasting, and AI to improve model accuracy and timeliness. Furthermore, it examines the far-reaching impacts of flood modeling on urban planning, environmental management, economic loss assessment, and climate adaptation. While the technology has advanced, challenges such as data limitations, computational complexity, and uncertainties in model predictions remain. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for continued refinement of flood models to enhance resilience and reduce the impacts of future flooding events.