IoT-Enhanced Remote Labs in K–12 Education: Ensuring Authenticity, Safety, and Collaboration

Abstract

With the growing demand for practical STEM education in K–12 classrooms, remote labs have emerged as a crucial alternative to traditional science labs—especially during periods of remote or hybrid learning. However, most current solutions either rely heavily on simulations or lack collaborative and authentic learning experiences. The paper addresses the design of experiments that mirror real-world scenarios, incorporating real-time data collection and industry-standard tools. Safety measures, including cybersecurity protocols and ageappropriate content, are emphasized. Collaborative features such as virtual breakout rooms and shared digital workspaces are discussed to facilitate peer interaction. Technical considerations, including reliable connectivity and user-friendly interfaces, are highlighted. The abstract also covers pedagogical approaches, emphasizing inquiry-based learning and gamification. Teacher training and accessibility considerations are addressed to ensure effective implementation and inclusivity. This comprehensive approach aims to maximize the potential of IoT-enhanced remote labs in K-12 education, providing innovative hands-on learning experiences while overcoming accessibility and resource challenges.