Assessment of Cement Handling Behaviour For Selected Construction Sites of Bhatbhateni Supermarket
Keywords:
Ordinary Portland cement, Design Mix, Field Condition, Lab Condition, M20, M25Abstract
Cement is one of the most expensive and highly used construction materials. Overall objective of this study is to assess the cement handling behavior of brands available for ongoing construction projects of Bhatbhateni Supermarket at Bhaktapur, Butwal and Biratnagar. Sagarmatha, Shivam and Maruti brands of cements were found to be used in these projects for concreting works.. The average mean of compressive strength of concretes casted at field of Bhaktapur, Biratnagar and Butwal sites for M20 and M25 were 23.74 N/mm2, 23.20 N/mm2& 24.50 N/mm2 and 28.34 N/mm2, 27.33 N/mm2& 29.29 N/mm2 respectively which was found to be greater than the expected 28 days compressive strength at field conditions in both cases. Therefore, design mix made for M20 and M25 concretes at laboratory under study was found to achieve the strength required by concretes at all sites under case study. It was found that cement sacks have no manufacture date but the analysis of cement handling behavior at sites showed that cements were being consumed at sites within 1 month after arrival from the manufacturer. There was no wastage of cement due to satisfactory storing conditions at warehouse but, the curing methods of concrete were found to be upgraded by applying ponding and wet burlap techniques. Inspection of cement in terms of quality should be done so that cement manufacturers could be compelled to maintain their quality.
References
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2. Adeagbo D, Kunya S. Review of Waste Management Strategies on Nigerian Construction Sites. ATBU Journal of Environmental Technology 2003; 2: 49-50.
3. Aldieb MA, Ibrahim HG. Variation of Feed Chemical Composition and Its Effect on Clinker Formation - Simulation Process. Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2010; 2.
4. Aligizaki K. Definition of Pore Structure parameters. In K. Aligizaki, PoreStructure of Cement-Based Materials Testing, Interpretation and Requirements 2006; (p. 19). Taylor and Francis Group.
5. Association of Engineers. Reduction of Strength of Cement. In Civil Engineer’s Hand Book. Kerala: Kerala Public Works Department. 1981.
6. ASTM: C114-07.In: AS Materials, Ed. Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement (Seventh Edition ed.) West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States: American Section of the International Association for Testing Materials. 2007.
7. Bohan R. (2017). PCA - America’s Cement Manufacturers. Retrieved June 16, 2017, from www.cement.org: www. cement.org/cement-concrete-applications/howcement-is-made
8. Chitkara, K. (2013). Planning Construction Materials. In Construction Project Management - Planning, Scheduling and Controlling (Second ed., pp. 322,323). New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited.
9. Duggal S. Materials for Making Concrete-I Cement. In S. Duggal, & S. Duggal (Ed.), Building Materials (Third Revised Edition ed., p. 146). New Age International 2009.
10. Fathi DM. (2010). Introduction to Cement. In D. M. Fathi (Ed.), Civil Engineering Materials SAB 2112 (p. 49). Malaysia: Department of Civil Engineering RAZAK School of Enginnering & Advance Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) International Campus.
11. Gambhir, M. (2013). Concrete Making Materials-I: Cement. In P. Kundu (Ed.), Concrete Technology : Theory and Pratice (Fifth Edition ed., pp. 6,22,30,31,32,33,34). New Dheli: Mc Graw Hill Education(India) Private Limited. 12. Gambhir M. CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY - Theory and Practice (Fourth Edition ed., Vol. Fifth reprint 2010). (S. Shukla, Ed.) New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited 2010.
13. Gambhir M. Properties of Fresh Concrete. In P. Kundu (Ed.), Concrete Technology : Theory and Practice (Fifth Edidtion ed., pp. 146,147,148,149,150). Delhi: TATA Mc Graw Hill Education(India) Private Limited 2013.
14. Greenwood R. In Construction Waste Minimization - Good Practice Guide. Cardiff University, Centre for Research in the Built Environment 2003; 8-10
15. Hanhan AA. Influence of the SO3 Content of Cement on the Durability and Strength of Concrete Exposed to Sodium Sulfate Environment. University of South Florida, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. University of South Florida. 2004.
16. Harrisson. (2016, September 28). CemNet.com the home of International Cement review. Retrieved Dec. 07, 2017, from CemNet: https://www.cemnet.com/ Articles/story/160205/loss-on-ignition.html.
17. I.S:269:1989. (1993). Ordinary Portland Cement, 33 - Grade Specification. Bureau Of Indian Standards, Bureau Of Indian Standards. New Dheli: Bureau of Indian Standards.
18. I.S:516-1959. Methods of Tests For Strength Of Concrete. Bureau of Indian Standards. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards. 2002.
19. Ibrahimi S, Jamaa NB, Bagane M et al. The Effect of Raw Material’s Fineness and Lime Saturation Factor on Clinker’s Grindability and Energy Efficiency in the Gabes Cement Industry. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) 2015; 2(11): 3149-3154.
20. IS:4031(Part-5)-1988. Determination of Initial and Final Setting Times. Bureau of Indian Standards, Bureau of Indian Standards. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards 2002.
21. IS:4031(Part-6)-1988. Determination of Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement other than Masonary Cement. Bureau of Indian Standards. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards 2002.
22. IS:456-2000. Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice (4th Revision). Bureau of Indian Standards, Bureau of Indian Standards. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards 2002.
23. IS12269:1987. (1988). Specification For 53 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement. Bureau of Indian Standards, Bureau of Indian Standards. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards.
24. IS8112:1989. Scheme of Testing and Inspection For Certification of 43 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement IS8112:1989. Bureau of Indian Standards, Bureau of Indian Standards. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards 2005.
25. Kiattikomol K, Jaturapitakkul C, Tangpagasit J. Effect of Insoluble Residue on Properties of Portland Cement. Cement and Concrete Research 2000; 30(8): 1209-1214.
26. Laskar AI. Correlating slump, slump flow, vebe and flow tests to rheological parameters of high performance concrete. Materials Research 2009; 12(Jan./Mar. 2009), 6,7.
27. Mahapatra AK. (2015, July 11). Slide Share. Retrieved Dec. 06, 2017, from Slide Share: https://www. slideshare.net/arunkumarmahapatra1/effect-of-highmg-o-on-cement-expansion
28. Marsh B. Curing. In J Newman, B Choo, Advanced Concrete Technology. Elsevier. 2003.
29. Mishra AK, Regmi U. Effects of Price Fluctuation on the Financial Capacity of “Class A” Contractors. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts 2017; 5(4): 1920 - 1937.
30. NBC101:1994. NS 49/2041 Ordinary Portland Cement. Department of Building, UrbanDevelopment and Building Construction. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal Physical Planning and Works. 2064.
31. Neville A. Selection of Concrete Mix Proportions (Mix Design). In Properties of Concrete (Fifth Edition ed., p. 2356). England, England/London: Pearson Education Limited 2011. 32. Padhi S. (2014, Nov. 13). CIVILBLOG.ORG. Retrieved 12 12, 2017, from http://civilblog.org/2014/11/13/ how-to-store-cement-on-site/
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34. Singh V, Marripoodi K. (2016). Happho. Retrieved December 03, 2017, from Happho: http://www. happho.com/choose-building-materials-estimatecost-quantities-house-construction/.
35. Sinha S. (2002). Reinforcced Concrete Design (Second Revised Edition ed., Vol. Eighth reprint 2007). New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
36. Srinivas, K. (2016). Quora.com. Retrieved 06 21, 2017, from https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-workabilityof-concrete
37. Suvasan C. (2013, Sep.). Indian Cement Review. Retrieved Dec 2017, from Indian Cement Review: http://www.indiancementreview.com/News. aspx?nId=1P2FASAdxyKwVwAoCBYPEg==
38. Swenson E, Evans H. (1953). Determination of The Specific Surface Area of Cements and Pozzolans by The Blaine Air Permeability Method. National Research Council Canada, Division of Building Research. Ottawa:
National Research Council Canada.
39. Thomas J, Jennings H. (2017). The Science of Concrete. Retrieved Dec. 13, 2017, from www.iti.northwestern. edu: http://iti.northwestern.edu/cement/monograph/ Monograph3_7.html
40. Tripathi A. (2015, July). New Business Age. (New Business Age) Retrieved December 03, 2017, from New Business Age: http://www.newbusinessage.com/ MagazineArticles/view/1250
41. Winter N. (2005). Understanding Cement - Interpreting Cement Science Since 2005. (WHD Microanalysis Consultants Ltd.) Retrieved December 04, 2017, from Understanding Cement - Interpreting Cement Science Since 2005: https://www.understanding-cement.com/ parameters.html#
42. Yusuf G, Aji A, Dammo A, et al. Challenges Regarding Management Practice Of Cement On Construction Sites North-Eastern Nigeria. (I. 2278-7461, Ed.) International Journal of Engineering Inventions 2015; 4(8): 23-26.
Published
2018-12-22
Issue
Section
Research Article
