Effect of Loading Speed on Deformation of Composite Materials: A Critical Review
Keywords:
Composite: Crosshead Velocity: Loading speed: Strain rateAbstract
Composite materials possess multiphase and by virtue of this have varied applications in the field
of automotive, aerospace and defense industries. These applications demand high-impact loading at many
instances, so the evaluation of the effect of impact loading on composite materials is important. Under high
strain loading, the composites mainly exhibit matrix properties but the variation arises when the amount of
reinforcement is considered. The response of composite materials to high-strain loading for dilute
concentration of reinforcement differs from that of highly populated reinforcement material. The loading
speed refers to the crosshead velocity which has direct proportionality with strain rate. Loading speed is an
experimental parameter which can be altered to study the crashworthiness of a material. This review report
contains a brief review of literature on the effect of loading speed on the deformation history of polymer,
metal and ceramic matrix composites.
References
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[4] López-Puente J, Li S. Analysis of strain rate sensitivity of carbon/epoxy woven composites. Int J Impact Eng. 2012; 48: 54–64.
[5] Brown K, Brooks R, Warrior NA. The static and high strain rate behaviour of a commingled E-glass/polypropylene woven fabric composite. Compos Sci Tech. 2010; 70(2): 272–283.
[6] Tarfaoui M. Effect of fiber orientation on mechanical properties of the laminated polymer composites subjected to out-of-plane high strain rate compressive loadings. Compos Sci Tech. 2008; 68 477–485.
[7] Khan M ZS, Simpson G, Gellert EP. Resistance of glass-fiber reinforced polymer composites to increasing compressive strain rates and loading rates. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2000; 31(1): 57–67.
[8] Naik NK, Yernamma P, Thoram NM, Gadipatri R, Kavala VR. High strain rate tensile behaviour of woven fabric E-glass/epoxy composite. Polymer Testing, 2010; 29(1): 14–22.
[9] Brown KA, Brooks R,Warrior NA. Characterizing the Strain Rate Sensitivity of the Tensile Mechanical Properties of a Thermoplastic Composite. J mater sci. 2009; 61(1): 43–46.
[10] Daniel IM,Werner BT, Fenner J S. Strain-rate-dependent failure criteria for composites. Compos Sci Tech. 2011; 71(3): 357–364.
[11] Fereshteh-Saniee F, Majzoobi GH, Bahrami M. An experimental study on the behavior of glass–epoxy composite at low strain rates. J Mater Proc Tech, 2005; 162-163: 39–45.
[12] Fitoussi J, Meraghni F, Jendli Z, Hug G, Baptiste D. Experimental methodology for high strain-rates tensile behaviour analysis of polymer matrix composites. Compos Sci Tech, 2005; 65(14): 2174–2188.
[13] Kara A, Tasdemirci A, Guden M. Materials and Design Modeling quasi-static and high strain rate deformation and failure behavior of a ( ± 45 ) symmetric E-glass / polyester composite under compressive loading. Mater Des. 2013; 49: 566–574.
[14] Tasdemirci A, Kara A, Turan AK, Tunusoglu G, Guden M, Hall IW. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of High Strain Rate Mechanical Behavior of a [0/45/90/ - 45] Quadriaxial E-Glass/Polyester Composite. Proc Eng. 2011; 10: 3068–3073.
[15] Ray BC. Effects of Changing Environment and Loading Speed on Mechanical Behavior of FRP Composites. J ReinfPlast Comp. 2006; 25(12): 1227–1240.
[16] Dalai RP, Ray BC, Loading Rate Sensitivity of Fibrous Composite Materials. International conference on recent trends in materials and characterization (RETMAC-2010), February 14-15, 2010.
[17] Kumar SM, Sharma N, Ray BC. Microstructural and Mechanical Aspects of Carbon / Epoxy Composites at Liquid Nitrogen Temperature. J ReinfPlast Comp. 2009; 28 (16): 2013-2023.
[18] Gillespie JW, Gama BA, Cichanowski CE, Xiao JR. Interlaminar shear strength of plain weave S2-glass/SC79 composites subjected to out-of-plane high strain rate compressive loadings. Compos Sci Tech 2005; 65(11-12): 1891–1908.
[19] Naik NK, Veerraju CH, Kavala VR. Hybrid composites under high strain rate compressive loading. Mater SciEng: A 2008; 498(1-2): 87–99.
[20] Shokrieh MM, Omidi MJ. Investigation of strain rate effects on in-plane shear properties of glass/epoxy composites. Compos Struct. 2009: 91(1): 95–102.
[21] Cady CM, Gray GT, Influence of strain rate on the deformation and fracture response of a 6061-T6 Al – 50 vol. % Al2 O3 continuous-reinforced composite. Mat. Sci. eng. A. 2001; 298: 56–62.
[22] Zhou Y, Xia Y. Experimental study of the rate-sensitivity of SiCp / Al composites and the establishment of a dynamic constitutive equation, Compos Sci tech. 2000; 60: 403–410.
[23] Tan ZH, Pang BJ, Qin DT, Shi JY, Gai BZ. The compressive properties of 2024Al matrix composites reinforced with high content SiC particles at various strain rates, Mater SciEng A. 2008; 489: 302–309.
[24] Dieter GE, Mechanical metallurgy. London: Mcgraw-Hillbook company; 1988.
[25] López-Puente J, Li S. Analysis of strain rate sensitivity of carbon/epoxy woven composites. Int J Imp Eng 2012; 48: 54–64.
[26] Brown KA, Brooks R,Warrior NA. Characterizing the Strain Rate Sensitivity of the Tensile Mechanical Properties of a Thermoplastic Composite. J mater. 2009; 61(1): 43–46.
[27] Fitoussi J, Bocquet M, Meraghni F. Effect of the matrix behaviour on the damage of ethylene – propylene glass fiber reinforced composite subjected to high strain rate tension. Composites Part B. 2013; 45(1): 1181–1191.
[28] Gu H, Guo Y, Wong SY, He C, Li X, Shim VPW. Effect of interphase and strain-rate on the tensile properties of polyamide 6 reinforced with functionalized silica nanoparticles. Compos Sci Tech 2013; 75: 62–69.
[29] Al-Zubaidy H, Zhao XL, Al-Mahaidi R. Mechanical characterisation of the dynamic tensile properties of CFRP sheet and adhesive at medium strain rates. Compos Struct 2013; 96: 153–164.
[30] Daniel IM, Werner BT, Fenner JS. Strain-rate-dependent failure criteria for composites. Compos Sci Tech. 2013; 71(3): 357–364.
[31] Naik NK, Yernamma P, Thoram NM, Gadipatri R, Kavala VR. High strain rate tensile behaviour of woven fabric E-glass/epoxy composite. Polymer Testing, 2010; 29(1): 14–22.
[32] Shokrieh MM, Omidi MJ. Tension behavior of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites under different strain rates. Compos Struct. 2009; 88(4): 595–601.
[33] Fereshteh-Saniee F, Majzoobi GH, Bahrami M. An experimental study on the behavior of glass–epoxy composite at low strain rates. J Mater Proc Tech 2005; 162-163: 39–45.
[34] Fitoussi, J, Meraghni F, Jendli Z, Hug G, Baptiste D. Experimental methodology for high strain-rates tensile behaviour analysis of polymer matrix composites. Compos Sci Tech. 2005; 65(14): 2174–2188.
[35] Hosur M, Alexander J, Vaidya U, Jeelani S. High strain rate compression response of carbon/epoxy laminate composites. ComposStruct 2001; 52(3-4): 405–417.
[36] Woo S, Kim T. High-strain-rate impact in Kevlar-woven composites and fracture analysis using acoustic emission. Composites Part B. 2014; 60: 125–136.
[37] Song Z, Wang Z, Ma H, Xuan H. Mechanical behaviour and failure mode of woven carbon / epoxy laminate composites under dynamic compressive loading. Composites?: Part B. 2014; 60: 531–536.
[38] Ravikumar G, Pothnis JR, Joshi M, Akella K, Kumar S, Naik NK. Analytical and experimental studies on mechanical behaviour of composites under high strain rate compressive loading. Mater Des. 2013; 44: 246–255.
[39] Kara A, Tasdemirci A, Guden M. Materials and Design Modeling quasi-static and high strain rate deformation and failure behaviour of a ( ± 45 ) symmetric E-glass / polyester composite under compressive loading. Mater Des. 2013; 49: 566–574.
[40] Firdaus M, Akil H, Arifin Z. Particle size – Dependent on the static and dynamic compression properties of polypropylene / silica composites. Mater Des. 2013; 45: 539–547.
[41] Wosu SN, Hui D, Daniel L. Hygrothermal effects on the dynamic compressive properties of graphite/epoxy composite material. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2012; 43(3): 841–855.
[42] Tasdemirci A, Kara A, Turan AK, Tunusoglu G, Guden M, Hall IW. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of High Strain Rate Mechanical Behaviour of a [0/45/90/ - 45] Quadriaxial E-Glass/Polyester Composite. Proc Eng 2011; 10: 3068–3073.
[43] Cao M, Song W, Zhou W, Wang D, Rong J, Yuan J. Dynamic compressive response and failure behaviour of fiber polymer composites embedded with tetra-needle-like ZnOnanowhiskers. Compos Struct. 2010; 92(12): 2984–2991.
[44] Koerber H, Xavier J, Camanho PP. High strain rate characterisation of unidirectional carbon-epoxy IM7-8552 in transverse compression and in-plane shear using digital image correlation. Mech Mater. 2010; 42(11): 1004–1019.
[45] Naik NK, Rao KV, Veerraju C, Ravikumar G. Stress – strain behavior of composites under high strain rate compression along thickness direction?: Effect of loading condition. Mater Des. 2010; 31(1): 396–401.
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Published
2019-01-11
